Tinsukia District
- Location: Northeastern part of Assam, India.
- Established: October 1, 1989.
- Headquarters: Tinsukia town.
- Significance: Known for its cultural heritage, agriculture, and industry.
History of Tinsukia District
Early History
Part of the Chutiya Kingdom during the medieval period.
After the Ahoms defeated the Chutiyas, they appointed the Sadiya-Khowa Gohain as the governor.
The Matak Kingdom emerged after the Moamoria Rebellion.
King Sarbananda Singha, of Chutiya descent, established his capital at Rangagarh on the Guijan River.
In 1791 AD, the capital moved to Bengmara (modern-day Tinsukia), built with the help of Minister Gopinath Barbaruah (Godha).
Captain Hamilton Vetch’s 1841 map referred to much of present-day Dibrugarh and Tinsukia as the “Bengmara Country of the Moamareeya Tribe”.
Development
King Sarbananda Singha commissioned the Tinikunia Pukhuri (triangular pond), from which Tinsukia derives its name.
Several tanks were dug during his reign, including Chauldhuwa Pukhuri, Kadamoni Pukhuri, Na-Pukhuri, Devi Pukhuri, and Rupahi Pukhuri.
Roads like Godha-Borbaruah Road, Rangagarah Road, Rajgor Road, and Hatiali Road were developed in the Matak Kingdom.
The British discovered tea plants in Sadiya (1823), leading to the first tea plantation in Chabua near Tinsukia.
The Dibru–Sadiya Railway (1882), established by the Assam Railway & Trading Company, accelerated economic growth.
Tinsukia became Assam’s 23rd district on October 1, 1989, after being split from Dibrugarh.
Geography of Tinsukia District
- Area: About 3,790 square kilometers.
- Boundaries:
- North: Arunachal Pradesh
- South: Arunachal Pradesh
- East: Arunachal Pradesh.
- West: Dhemaji and Dibrugarh districts.
Tinsukia Neighbouring Districts
- Topography: Mix of flat plains and hilly terrain, with fertile land for agriculture.
- Climate: Humid subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. Annual rainfall averages 2,323 mm (mostly during the monsoon from June to September).
- Rivers: Major rivers include the Brahmaputra, Dibru, Tingrai and Burhi Dihing.
Socio Economy of Tinsukia District
- Agriculture: Main economic activity. Key crops include rice, tea, oranges, ginger, and citrus fruits. Famous for its tea plantations.
- Livestock: Common activities include cattle, goat, and poultry farming.
- Industry: Tinsukia is home to Digboi, the oldest oil refinery in India. It also has significant coal mining in Margherita and Ledo and a Hindustan Unilever (HUL) cosmetic plant.
- Trade and Commerce: A commercial hub due to its strategic location and industrial activities.
Transport of Tinsukia District
- Roadways: Well-connected by National Highway 15 and other roads.
- Railways: The Tinsukia Railway Station is an important junction on the Northeast Frontier Railway network.
- Airways: The nearest airport is in Dibrugarh, around 40 km away, linking Tinsukia to major cities in India.
Demographics of Tinsukia District
Population
- Total Population: 1,327,929
- Male: 680,231
- Female: 647,698
- Tinsukia District population constituted 4.26 percent of total Maharashtra population
Population Growth
- Population Growth: 15.47% (2001-2011)
Literacy
- Average Literacy Rate: 69.66%
- Male Literacy Rate: 77.19%
- Female Literacy Rate: 61.73%
Sex Ratio
- Sex Ratio: 952 females per 1000 males
- Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): 960 girls per 1000 boys
Child Population (0-6 Age)
- Total Child Population: 181,826
- Percentage of District Population: 13.69%
Rural vs. Urban
- Rural Population: 1,063,186
- Percentage of Total Population: 80.06%
- Urban Population: 264,743
- Percentage of Total Population: 19.94%
- Rural Literacy: 65.05%
- Urban Literacy: 87.22%
- Rural Population: 1,063,186
Tinsukia Urban Agglomeration
- Population: 126,389
- Literacy Rate: 89.03%
- Sex Ratio: 875 females per 1000 males
- Child Population (0-6 age): 12,576
Administrative Setup of Tinsukia District
- District Headquarters: Tinsukia town.
- Sub-Divisions: Tinsukia Sadar, Sadiya, Margherita, and Doomdooma.
- Revenue Circles: Includes Tinsukia Circle and Sadiya Circle.
- Development Blocks: Several development blocks focused on local governance and development.
Attractive Tourist places of Tinsukia District
Historical Sites
Na-Pukhuri: A group of nine ponds from the Muttock Kingdom, built during King Sarbananda Singha’s reign (1788–1805).
The central pond (11.75 acres) has potential for development into a lake and amusement area.
The surrounding park has been renovated and renamed “Marut Nandan Kanan”.
Ruins of the Ancient Ahom Kingdom: Remnants of structures reflecting the region’s historical significance.
Other Attractions
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park: A biodiversity hotspot with a unique mix of flora and fauna, with potential to become a tiger reserve.
Stilwell Road (Ledo Road): Built during World War II, this historic road starts in Ledo, Tinsukia, and extends to Kunming, China.
Digboi (27 km from Tinsukia):
Home to India’s first oil refinery and oil field.
Features the National Oil Park and Museum.
Ridge Hill viewpoint offers a panoramic view of the oil fields.
Margherita (45 km from Tinsukia): Known for lush tea gardens and scenic beauty.
Tilinga Mandir: A revered temple where devotees tie bells as a symbol of fulfilled wishes.
Languages spoken in Tinsukia District
- Assamese: 47.8%
- Sadan/Sadri: 14.1%
- Bengali: 10.05%
- Hindi: 8.54%
- Nepali: 7.52%
- Bhojpuri: 2.30%
- Odia: 2.11%
- Miri/Mishing: 1.46%
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