Biswanath District

INDEX

1. District Overview
2. History of Biswanath District
3. Geography of Biswanath District
4. Socio-Economy of Biswanath District
5. Transport in Biswanath District
6. Demographics of Biswanath District
7. Administrative Setup of Biswanath District
8. Tourist Places in Biswanath District
9. Languages Spoken in Biswanath District

District Overview of Biswanath District

1. Creation

- Formed on August 15, 2015, by bifurcating parts of Sonitpur district.
- Includes Gohpur and other areas.

2. Headquarters

- Located in Biswanath Chariali.

3. Historical Significance

- Part of historical kingdoms: Chutiya and Ahom.
- Home to Biswanath Temple, known as “Gupta Kashi” for its spiritual value.

History of Biswanath District

Ancient & Medieval History of Biswanath

1. Chutiya & Ahom Kingdoms

- - - Chutiya Kingdom ruled most of Biswanath until the 16th century.
    - Ahoms annexed the region, while Bhuyan chieftains controlled the western parts.
    - Major rivers like Dikarai & Ghiladhari marked kingdom boundaries.

2. Fortifications

- - - Chutiya kings built Buroi Fort & Pratapgarh Fort for defense.
    - These forts indicate Biswanath’s strategic importance in medieval Assam.

Geography of Biswanath District

1. Location

- North bank of the Brahmaputra River.
- Borders:
  - North: Arunachal Pradesh
  - East: Lakhimpur district
  - South : River Brahmaputra
  - West : Sonitpur district

2. Topography

- Predominantly flat and fertile plains, ideal for agriculture.

3. Rivers :

- Brahmaputra River, Ghiladhari River, Borgang River, Buroi River, Jiabharali River, Burhiganga River, Behali River, Solengi River, Kharoi River, Mornoi River

4. Rainfall in Biswanath District

- Climate: Subtropical monsoon climate.
- Average Annual Rainfall: Approximately 1,800 mm.
- Monsoon Season: Most precipitation occurs from June to September, which supports agricultural activities.

Socio Economy of Biswanath District

1. Agriculture

- - Primarily agrarian economy with significant tea cultivation.

2. Credit Potential

- - Focus on MSMEs, including agriculture and renewable energy sectors.

3. Employment

- - Majority dependent on agriculture and related activities.
  - Industries: Small-scale industries and handicrafts contribute to the local economy.

Transport of Biswanath District

- Transportation Hub: Biswanath Chariali serves as the main town and transport hub.
- Road Connectivity: National Highway 15 runs through the district, linking it to major cities in Assam.
- Waterways: The Biswanath multimodal waterways terminal on the Brahmaputra River enhances trade and transportation.
- Major stations:
  - Dubia
  - Gohpur
  - Brahmajan
  - Helem
  - Niz Borgang
  - Monabari
  - Biswanath Chariali
  - Niz Sotea

Demographics of Biswanath District

Population Overview

- Total Population: 612,491
  - Male Population: 311,234
  - Female Population: 301,257
- Sex Ratio: 968 females per 1000 males

Urban and Rural Distribution

- Urban Population: 31,368 (5.12%)
- Rural Population: 581,123 (94.88%)

Age Distribution

- Children (0-6 years): 88,453

Literacy Rates

- Overall Literacy Rate: Approximately 75.41%
  - Male Literacy Rate: 81.36%
  - Female Literacy Rate: 69.06%

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

- Scheduled Castes (SC): 43,763 (7.15%)
- Scheduled Tribes (ST): 93,174 (15.21%)

Religious Composition

- Hinduism: 514,259 (83.96%)
- Islam: 52,155 (8.52%)
- Christianity: 42,408 (6.92%)
- Others/Not Stated: Approximately 0.60%

Administrative Setup of Biswanath District

Administrative HQ: Biswanath Chariali.
Sub-Divisions:
Includes Biswanath Chariali and Gohpur
Revenue Circles/Tehsils:
Biswanath Chariali, Gohpur, and Helem.
Development Blocks:
- - Includes Pub-Chaiduar and Behali blocks.
  - Gohpur holds historical significance in India’s freedom struggle.
  - On September 1942, freedom fighters Kanaklata Barua and Mukunda Kakati were martyred.
  - They were killed in police firing while attempting to hoist the national flag at Gohpur Police Station.

Attractive Tourist places of Biswanath District

- Biswanath Temple: A significant pilgrimage site, also called “Gupta Kashi.” (Located at confluence of Burhiganga River and Brahmaputra River)
- Eco-Tourist Resort at Uma Tumoni Island: Scenic beauty and recreational activities.
- Historical Sites: Various archaeological sites and historical landmarks reflecting the region’s heritage.
- Biswanath Ghat has been selected as the Best Tourism Village of India 2023 by Ministry of Tourism

Languages spoken in Biswanath District

- - Assamese (34.06%)
  - Sadri (13.56%)
  - Bengali (8.58%).
  - Nepali: 7.93%
  - Boro: 7.23%
  - Mising: 7.09%
  - Other Languages: Includes Hindi and various tribal dialects.

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Biswanath District