Location and Boundaries of Assam

Location and Boundaries of Assam

Geographical Location of Assam
Strategic and Geopolitical Location of Assam
Boundaries of Assam
Assam’s Location in Relation to Major Physical Features
Importance of Location and Boundaries

Geographical Location of Assam

Latitudinal Extent of Assam

- - Assam lies between 24°08′ N to 28°02′ N latitudes
  - Entirely located in sub-tropical zone
  - Close proximity to the Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) influences:
    - - High summer temperatures
        Strong monsoonal rainfall
        Dense vegetation cover

Longitudinal Extent of Assam

- - Extends from 89°42′ E to 96°02′ E longitudes
  - Lies in the eastern part of India
  - Experiences early sunrise compared to western India. [one of the important reason for the demand of adoption of Tea Garden Time (Cha Bagan Time)]

Areal Extent of Assam

- - Total geographical area: 78,438 sq km
  - Ranks 14th among Indian states by area
  - Accounts for about 2.4% of India’s total geographical area

Physiographic Setting of Assam

- - Assam is located in the central part of North-East India
  - Forms the core of the Brahmaputra Valley
  - Acts as a transitional zone between:
    - Indian Peninsular Plateau
    - Eastern Himalayan Mountain System
    - Indo-Myanmar ranges

Strategic and Geopolitical Location

Gateway to North-East India

- - Assam acts as the “Gateway of North-East India”
  - The Siliguri Corridor (Chicken’s Neck) connects Assam with mainland India
    - Width: ~22–25 km at the narrowest point
    - Strategic vulnerability and importance

International Proximity

- - Assam lies close to international borders, enhancing:
    - Strategic importance
    - Security concerns
    - Cross-border trade potential
  - Neighbouring countries nearby:
    - Bhutan (north)
    - Bangladesh (south)

Significance in Act East Policy

- - Assam is a key state under India’s Act East Policy
  - Serves as a corridor linking India with:
    - South-East Asia
    - ASEAN countries via Myanmar

Boundaries of Assam

International Boundaries of Assam

Country	Direction
Bhutan	North
Bangladesh	South

Inter-State Boundaries of Assam

State	Direction
Arunachal Pradesh	North
Nagaland	South
Manipur	East
Mizoram	East
Tripura	South
Meghalaya	South
West Bengal	West

Assam’s Location in Relation to Major Physical Features

Himalayan Influence

- Northern Assam influenced by:
  - Eastern Himalayas
  - Heavy orographic rainfall
  - Flash floods

Indo-Myanmar Ranges

- Eastern and southern boundaries defined by:
  - Patkai Hills
  - Naga Hills
  - Lushai Hills
- Act as:
  - Climatic barrier
  - Cultural divide

River Systems and Boundaries

- Brahmaputra Valley dominates central Assam
- Barak Valley lies in southern Assam
- Rivers act as:
  - Natural boundaries
  - Communication routes
  - Flood hazards

Importance of Location and Boundaries

Economic Importance

- Facilitates tea cultivation due to:
  - Location in humid tropics
  - Alluvial soils
- Strategic for:
  - Inland waterways (NW-2)
  - Oil and natural gas exploration

Political and Administrative Importance

- Boundary disputes affect:
  - Federal relations
  - Internal security
- Location necessitates:
  - Strong border management
  - Infrastructure development

Environmental Importance

- Assam’s boundaries encompass:
  - Biodiversity hotspots
  - National Parks (Kaziranga, Manas)
- Vulnerable to:
  - Floods
  - Earthquakes (Seismic Zone V)

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