District Overview: Golaghat District
- Location: Upper Assam, India.
- Established: August 15, 1987.
- Significance: Known for its rich cultural heritage, agriculture, and historical importance. It’s an important administrative and economic hub.
History of Golaghat
1. Early History
Ahom Rule (16th Century):
Part of Doyang-Dhansiri Valley, ruled by the Ahoms.
Ahom King Suhungmung appointed a Marangi-Khowa Gohain to govern the region.
Encouraged settlements to maintain control and prevent rebellion.
British Annexation (1839–1846):
British East India Company took control of Assam.
1839: Region annexed by the British.
1846: Golaghat became a subdivision of Sibsagar district.
2. Development Under British Rule
Improved Communication & Infrastructure:
1869: Telegraph lines established.
One of Assam’s oldest railway lines built, boosting trade and travel.
Administrative Changes:
After annexation, Assam was divided into Lakhimpur & Sibsagar districts.
Golaghat remained a subdivision under Sibsagar.
3. Post-Independence Era
Formation of Golaghat District (1987):
Became a separate district on August 15, 1987, carved out from Sibsagar.
Cultural Contributions:
Played a role in India’s independence movement (Notable freedom fighters: Kushal Konwar & Kamala Miri).
Literary impact: Hem Chandra Barua wrote the first Assamese dictionary.
Sports: Produced several national athletes.
Geography of Golaghat District
- Area: 3,502 square kilometers (1,352 square miles).
- Coordinates: 26.52° N latitude and 93.97° E longitude.
- Boundaries:
- North: The Brahmaputra River.
- South: Nagaland.
- East: Jorhat district.
- West: Karbi Anglong and Nagaon districts.
- Topography: Mostly flat plains with some hilly areas. Fertile soil supports agriculture.
- Rivers flowing through Golaghat – Brahmaputra (making Northern borders), Dhansiri , Diphalu ,Rengma etc.
- Climate: Humid subtropical climate with annual rainfall ranging from 2,012 mm to 2,249.50 mm. Most rainfall occurs during the monsoon (June to September).
Socio-Economy of Golaghat District
- Economy: Agriculture is the main occupation, with a focus on farming.
- Major Crops: Rice, jute, mustard, and fruits. Jute production is especially important.
- Livestock: Cattle, goats, and poultry farming are common.
- Numaligarh refinery is the heavy industry located here.
- Handicrafts & Small Industries: The district has a tradition of bamboo and cane products.
- Tourism: The district has several archaeological sites and natural attractions.
Transport in Golaghat District
- Roadways: Well-connected by National Highway 37.
- Railways: The Golaghat Railway Station connects it to other parts of Assam.
- Airways: The nearest airport is in Jorhat, about 56 km away.
Demographics of Golaghat District
Population Overview
Total Population: 1,066,888
Males: 543,161
Females: 523,727
Average Sex Ratio: 964 females for every 1000 males
- Population density : 305 persons per sq km.
Urban and Rural Distribution
Urban Population: 97,736 (9.16% of total)
Male Urban Population: 50,036
Female Urban Population: 47,700
Urban Sex Ratio: 953
Rural Population: 969,152 (90.84% of total)
Male Rural Population: 493,125
Female Rural Population: 476,027
Rural Sex Ratio: 965
Literacy Rates
Overall Literacy Rate: 77.43%
Male Literacy Rate: 83.56%
Female Literacy Rate: 71.09%
Urban Literacy Rate:
Average: 91.74%
Rural Literacy Rate:
Average: 75.94%
Child Population (Age 0-6)
Total Children (0-6 years): 134,793 (12.63% of total population)
Male Children: 68,662
Female Children: 66,131
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): 963 girls for every 1000 boys
- Ethnic Composition: Primarily Assamese, Bodos, and other indigenous communities.
Administrative Setup of Golaghat District
- Sub-Divisions: Golaghat Sadar, Bokakhat, Dhansiri, and Merapani.
- Revenue Circles: Six circles, including Golaghat, Bokakhat, and Dergaon.
- Development Blocks: Eight blocks, including North Dev Block, Morongi South Block, and Padumani Block.
- Towns: Major towns include Golaghat (Municipal Board), Dergaon, Bokakhat, and Sarupathar.
Rainfall in Golaghat District
- Average Annual Rainfall: 2,012 mm to 2,249.50 mm.
- Heavy rainfall supports agriculture and contributes to the fertility of the land.
Tourist Places in Golaghat
- Kaziranga National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage site, home to the Indian one-horned rhinoceros.
- Sivasagar Sivadol Temple Complex: Historical temples showcasing Assamese architecture.
- Sri Surya Pahar: An archaeological site with remains of Buddhism and Hinduism.
Garampani Hot Springslocated in the Nambar Reserve Forest
- Jugibari Beel: A scenic lake and tourist destination
- Negheriting Shiva Doul: An ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, located atop a hill offering views of the Brahmaputra River. The temple is surrounded by tea gardens and is a popular picnic spot
- Uncle Robin’s Children Museum: Showcases personal collections of Dr. Robin, including paintings, dolls, artifacts, and mementos
- Numaligarh Tea Estate: Offers a beautiful location with nearby forests and hills
- Deopahar Ruins: An archaeological site with relics of ancient temples amidst greenery, reflecting the region’s history
- Kakochang Waterfalls: A scenic waterfall near Kaziranga National Park and Bokakhat, surrounded by tea gardens and rubber plantations, ideal for trekking and picnics
- Srimata Sankardev Udyan: A park dedicated to the saint Srimanta Sankardev, offering well-maintained gardens and a serene atmosphere for relaxation
- Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary: Known for diverse species of plants and animals, including elephants and deer. It is a haven for bird watchers and wildlife photographers
- Birangana Sadhoni Kalakshetra: A cultural center dedicated to preserving and promoting the local culture through dance, music, theatre, and workshops
Languages Spoken in Golaghat District
- Assamese: 78.40%
- Bengali: 4.59%
- Mising: 2.71%
- Nepali: 2.50%
- Boro: 1.86%
- Hindi: 1.79%
- Sadri: 1.52%
- Odia: 1.36%
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