Nalbari District

District Overview: Nalbari District

• • Location: Central Assam, India.
  • Established: August 14, 1985, after being carved out from Kamrup district.
  • Significance: Known for agricultural richness and cultural diversity, Nalbari is a key player in the socio-economic development of Assam.

Historical Overview of Nalbari

Early History and Etymology:

• • The name “Nalbari” originates from “Nal” (a variety of reed) and “Bari” (enclosed ground with plantation).
  • Historically part of Kamarupa, within the Kamapitha division.
  • Known as Khata Pargana during Ahom and Mughal rule.
  • Archaeological significance: Copper plate inscriptions of Kamrupi kings found in Guwakuchi village.

Bhutan and British India:

• • Until the late 19th century, Nalbari was the southern boundary of the Kingdom of Bhutan.
  • Duar War: Nalbari was ceded to British India.
  • 1833: British divided the valley into Goalpara, Kamrup (including Nalbari), Darrang, and Nagaon.

More Recent History:

• • 1890-91: Named “Nalbari” by British Railway Engineers; previously called Satra, Govindapur, and Khata.
  • 1920s: Establishment of a railway station led to increased migration and business growth.
  • 1967: Declared a subdivision of undivided Kamrup District.
  • 1984: Became the district headquarters of Nalbari District.
  • April 11, 1986: District and Sessions Judge Court inaugurated.
  • Known as the “Navadivipa of Assam” due to its many Sanskrit Toals.
  • Famous for Ras Mahotsav, celebrated since the early 20th century.

Geography of Nalbari District

• • Area: Approximately 1,052 square kilometers.
  • Coordinates: Between 26° N and 26.51° N latitude and 91° E and 91.47° E longitude.
  • Boundaries:
    • North: Borders Baksa district.
    • South: Bordered by Brahmaputra River and Kamrup district.
    • East: Adjacent to Kamrup district.
    • West: Bordered by Barpeta district.
  • Topography: The district has flat terrain with gentle slopes towards the south. It includes low-lying areas that are prone to flooding during the monsoon.
  • Rivers: Major rivers include Buradia, Pagaldia, Nona, Borolia, and Tihu.
  • Climate: Sub-tropical climate with hot summers and cold winters. Average annual rainfall is around 1,500 mm, mainly from May to August.

Socio-Economy of Nalbari District

• • Agriculture: The district’s economy is heavily agrarian. Rice, jute, mustard, potatoes, and vegetables are the main crops.
  • Livestock Farming: Cattle, goats, and poultry are important for local livelihoods.
  • Small-scale Industries: The industrial sector is underdeveloped, with small industries focused on food processing and bamboo crafts.
  • Economic Challenges: Nalbari faces challenges like low per capita income and a high rural population living below the poverty line. Ongoing efforts aim to improve the region’s socio-economic infrastructure.

Transport in Nalbari District

• • Roadways: The district is well-connected by roads, including National Highway 31, facilitating travel.
  • Railways: The nearest railway station is at Nalbari town, linking the district to other regions in Assam.
  • Airways: The nearest airport is in Guwahati, about 70 km away, providing access to major cities.

Demographics of Nalbari District

• • Population Overview

    • Total Population (2011): 771,639

      • Males: 396,006 (51.4%)

      • Females: 375,633 (48.6%)

    Gender Distribution

    • Sex Ratio: 949 females per 1,000 males

    • Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): 967 females per 1,000 males

    Urban and Rural Population

    • Rural Population: 688,909 (89.28%)

    • Urban Population: 82,730 (10.72%)

    Age Distribution

    • Population Aged 0-6 Years: 95,333 (12.35%)

      • Males: 48,458 (50.9%)

      • Females: 46,875 (49.1%)

    Literacy Rates

    • Overall Literacy Rate: 78.63%

      • Male Literacy Rate: 84.36%

      • Female Literacy Rate: 72.57%

    • Total Literates: 531,771

      • Male Literates: 293,184

      • Female Literates: 238,587

    Scheduled Castes and Tribes

    • Scheduled Castes Population: 60,216 (7.8%)

    • Scheduled Tribes Population: 23,364 (3.0%)

    Population Growth

    • Population Growth from 2001 to 2011: +11.99%

    Density and Area

    • Area of Nalbari District: 1,052 km²

    • Population Density: Approximately 733 persons per km²

Administrative Setup of Nalbari District

• • District Headquarters: Nalbari town.
  • Sub-Divisions: The district has four sub-divisions – Nalbari Sadar, Barama, Barkhetri, and Tamulpur.
  • Revenue Circles: Seven revenue circles, including Nalbari, Barkhetri, and Barama.
  • Development Blocks: The district has seven development blocks aimed at local governance.

Rainfall in Nalbari District

• • Average Annual Rainfall: Around 1,500 mm to 2,000 mm, with the majority of rainfall occurring during the monsoon (June to September).
  • Impact: Heavy rainfall can cause flooding in low-lying areas but also enriches soil, benefiting agriculture.

Attractive Tourist Places in Nalbari

• • Bamuni Hills: Known for ancient archaeological sites and temple ruins from the medieval period.
  • Kamalabari Satra: A prominent Vaishnavite monastery with significant cultural and religious importance.
  • Nalbari College: Established in 1950, it has contributed greatly to the region’s educational development.
  • Temples and Cultural Sites: The district boasts several temples and cultural sites showcasing Assamese traditions and festivals.
  • Billeshwar Temple:
    • Over 500 years old, this temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna and attracts numerous Hindu pilgrims.
  • Hari Mandir:
    • A major landmark associated with the Raas Mahotsav, established in 1965. It is a hub for devotees during the festive season.
  • Shripur Devalaya:
    • An ancient temple believed to have been constructed by Ahom King Sib Singha, dedicated to Goddess Parvati.
  • Basudeb Devalaya:
    • Constructed between 1718 and 1744 AD, this temple has a fascinating legend involving Lord Basudeb.
  • Daulashal Temple:
    • Located in the village of Daulashal, this temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna and Lord Balram.
  • Fenguwa Rampart:
    • A historical fort built between 1350 and 1365, notable for its length and significance in protecting the kingdom.
  • Jaypal Than:
    • This temple has folklore associated with its discovery during the reign of King Sib Singha.
  • Sonkuriha Bird Sanctuary:
    • A prime location for birdwatching, especially during winter when migratory birds flock to the area.
  • Buddhist Temple:
    • Situated about 30 km from Nalbari town, this temple was established by Nepali settlers in 1965.
  • Mahamara Pukhuri:
    • An ancient lake constructed by the Ahoms, popular among picnickers.
  • Thetha Gohain:
    • A serene shrine built at the end of the 19th century, ideal for those seeking tranquility.
  • Kakaya Village:
    • Known for its thriving cottage industry where visitors can purchase handloom sarees and traditional Assamese textiles.

Languages Spoken in Nalbari District

• • Assamese: 85.87% (Nalbari Dialect)
  • Bengali: 11.00%
  • Bodo: 2.53%
  • Others: 0.61%