The study of Assam’s ancient history involves a systematic and scientific approach, based on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of various types of historical evidence.
10.1 Primary and Secondary Source Analysis
Primary sources like inscriptions, copper plate grants, temple remains, sculptures, and coins serve as the core evidence for reconstructing history.
These are examined for:
Genealogical information
Political and religious events
Cultural practices
Literary texts such as the Kalika Purana, Yogini Tantra, and Ahom Buranjis are also studied as primary historical narratives.
Secondary sources like:
Published research papers
Books by historians (e.g., Gait, K.L. Barua, P.C. Choudhury)
Government and archaeological reports
These help in interpretation, contextualisation, and cross-verification of primary data.
10.2 Archaeological and Epigraphical Methods
A key component of research is the scientific excavation and documentation of material remains such as:
Temple ruins
Fortifications
Stone sculptures
The study of epigraphy (inscriptions) plays a central role:
Deciphering the language, script, and content of inscriptions.
Analyzing donative records, royal orders, and eulogies inscribed on stone or metal plates.
Inscriptions are evaluated for:
Palaeography (study of script forms)
Linguistic evolution (e.g., from Sanskrit to early Assamese)
Religious and administrative history
These methods ensure the authenticity and reliability of historical interpretations.
10.3 Importance of Scientific Historical Study
Historical research today follows a scientific methodology that emphasizes:
Evidence-based analysis
Empirical observations
Cross-disciplinary validation
Since many ancient temples and monuments no longer exist in their original form (due to natural decay or invasions), the role of archaeological remains becomes even more significant.
Scientific methods help:
Reconstruct destroyed structures from surviving foundations.
Trace cultural, political, and architectural continuity.
Avoid mythological exaggerations and focus on verifiable facts.
The aim is to present a balanced, rational, and inclusive history of Assam, integrating both regional pride and academic accuracy.