1. Introduction
The Assam Asharikandi Terracotta Craft is a significant and cherished form of terracotta artistry in India, originating from Asharikandi village in Dhubri district, Assam.
Practiced for generations, this craft represents a blend of tradition and creative expression.
Over 80% of families in Asharikandi are engaged in this ethnic art, making and selling terracotta items.
2. Origin and Location
Asharikandi is located 14 km east of Dhubri town and 190 km west of Guwahati.
The Assamese terracotta tradition began with pottery families in Asharikandi, making it one of the largest terracotta clusters in India.
3. Raw Materials and Process
The primary raw material used is “Hiramati,” a special type of clay soil found near the village.
Quality Variation: The quality of Hiramati varies by location, affecting the final terracotta product.
Stages of Production:
| Stage | Process Description |
|---|---|
| Clay Collection & Preparation | Clay is collected from riverbanks, soaked overnight, and purified using a bamboo tool called “khota.” |
| Kneading | The clay is kneaded with hands and feet under the sun for elasticity. It is mixed with water, sand, and caustic soda to prevent cracks. |
| Shaping | Artisans use instruments like “boila” and “pitna” to shape the clay. Molds and knives are used for carving designs. |
| Drying | The shaped products are sun-dried for several days. |
| Firing | The dried items are baked in a traditional kiln at high temperatures to harden the clay. |
| Finishing | Some products are painted with natural colors or left in their original terracotta form. A red clay powder called “Kabish” is applied for a rustic finish. |
4. Products and Designs
Asharikandi terracotta products include both decorative and utilitarian items.
The most famous product is the “Hatima Putul” (Elephant Figurine), a symbol of Assamese terracotta art.
Other common products:
| Category | Examples |
| Sculptures | Deities, animals, mythological figures |
| Household Items | Pots, lamps, storage containers |
| Toys | Animal-shaped toys like elephants, deer, horses, buffaloes, and birds |
5. Cultural Significance
Intertwined with Assamese traditions, representing religion, rituals, and historical transformations.
Terracotta items are used in festivals, religious ceremonies, and as home decor.
6. Economic Impact
Provides livelihood to thousands in the region.
Products are sold in local, national, and international markets.
Bulk buyers place large orders, including exports.
Traditional Barman fishing families have shifted to terracotta due to declining fish catch and better economic opportunities.
7. Government and NGO Initiatives
Various government schemes and NGOs promote and support artisans.
NECARDO (North East Craft and Rural Development Organisation) actively works for the preservation and promotion of terracotta crafts.
Trade fairs and exhibitions are organized to boost market reach.
8. Recognition and GI Tag
Prime Minister Narendra Modi mentioned Asharikandi terracotta in his radio program “Mann Ki Baat”.
Geographical Indication (GI) Tag was awarded in 2024, recognizing its unique cultural heritage and craftsmanship.
9. Conclusion
The Assam Asharikandi Terracotta Craft is a vital part of Assam’s artistic and economic landscape.
Efforts are being made to modernize techniques while preserving traditional craftsmanship.
The GI tag and government initiatives help in sustaining and promoting this age-old art.